Proceedings pro012 : International RILEM Workshop on Historic Mortars: Characteristics and Tests Paisley, Scotland (1999)

Title: International RILEM Workshop on Historic Mortars: Characteristics and Tests Paisley, Scotland (1999) Edited by P. Bartos, C. Groot and J. J. Hughes ISBN: 2-912143-15-2 e-ISBN: 2351580273 Pages: 460 Publication date: 1999

The return to traditional materials and techniques, within present-day technical and economic circumstances, revealed large gaps in factual knowledge, which often relied on fragmented historical records and a lack of understanding of fundamental processes underlying good performance of existing historic and new "traditional" mortars. A very strong demand has developed for an improved guidance for conservation practitioners, outlining good practice and underpinned by sound scientific and technical knowledge. Formation of the RILEM Technical Committee TC 167-COM on "Characterisation of old mortars with respect to their repair" in 1996 under the chairmanship of Dr Caspar Groot reflected this demand.
The Workshop differed substantially from other events in the built heritage field, which usually bring together only one of the several, often narrow sectors relevant to conservation. In Paisley, the participants reflected the great diversity and complex interdisciplinary activity, which prevails in the built heritage field. The event brought together art historians, conservation architects, custodians of historic buildings and monuments, structural engineers, geologists, material scientists, chemists and physicists, expert conservation craftsmen, specialist contractors and suppliers of mortar-related materials. Presentations, in a balanced manner, varied from applications of fundamental theory supported by atomic science and mathematical modelling to practical expertise in re-creation of ancient and traditional techniques and skills for production, handling of mortar and repair of historic masonry. The role of mortar was also rationally developed, from its the very beginning when dry-laid stone walls still prevailed in "pre-history" to sophisticated masonry, plasters and renders of recent centuries. There were vigorous discussions after each of the Sessions and the social events provided opportunities for further, more personal exchange of views and opinions. A review of the most significant contributions and conclusions stemming from the discussions is provided in the final chapter of this book.

Contents

Preface Author(s): P.J.M. Bartos

Pages: XI - XIII

RILEM Technical Committee TC 167-COM Members Author(s): P.J.M. Bartos

Pages: XIV - XIV

Organising Committee Author(s): P.J.M. Bartos

Pages: XV - XV

Part one: Introduction

The use of lime mortars in the context of dry stone build Author(s): I. Maxwell

Pages: 3 - 13

Part two: Sampling and assessment of damage

Practical sampling of historic mortars Author(s): J.J. Hughes, K. Callebaut

Pages: 17 - 26

Damage diagnosis and compatible repair mortars Author(s): P.J. van Hees

Pages: 27 - 35

Examination of hydraulic lime mortars of medieval churches in Denmark Author(s): H.D. Andersen, H.D. Zimmermann, H. Friis, U. Schnell

Pages: 37 - 42

Salt damage to the medieval plaster on a vault in Fanefjord church Author(s): P.K. Larsen

Pages: 43 - 50

Part three: Mortar characterisation schemes

Chemical-mineralogical and physical-mechanical investigations of old mortars Author(s): B. Middendorf, G. Baronio, K. Callebaut, J. Hughes

Pages: 53 - 59

Procedure for a mortar type identification: a proposal Author(s): K. van Balen, E.-E. Toumbakari, M.-T. Blanco, J. Aguilera, F. Puertas, C. Sabbioni, G. Zappia, C. Riontino, G. Gobbi

Pages: 61 - 70

A new protocol for the analysis of historic cementitious materials: Interim report Author(s): E. Goins

Pages: 71 - 79

Proposal for a useful methodology for the study of ancient mortars Author(s): G. Martinet, B. Quenee

Pages: 81 - 91

Part four: Chemical and mineralogical characterisation

Hydraulicity in lime mortars revisited Author(s): A.E. Charola, F.M.A. Henriques

Pages: 95 - 104

Analysis of mortars containing pozzolanas Author(s): C. Bläuer Böhm

Pages: 105 - 112

Petrographical, mineralogical and chemical characterisation of lime mortars in the saint-Michael's church (Leuven, Belgium) Author(s): K. Callebaut, W. Viaene, K. van Balen, R. Ottenburgs

Pages: 113 - 123

Historical and scientific study of hydraulic mortars from the 19th century Author(s): K. Callebaut, J. Elsen, K. van Balen, W. Viaene

Pages: 125 - 132

Analysis of mortars (to include historic mortars) by differential thermal analysis Author(s): P.R. Ellis

Pages: 133 - 147

Environmental effects of SO2 on hydraulic mortars Author(s): M.T. Blanco-Varela, J. Aguilera, F. Puertas, A. Palomo, C. Sabbioni, C. Riontino, G. Zappia, O. Favoni, K. van Balen, E.E. Toumbakari

Pages: 149 - 159

Part five: Physical characterisation and testing

Plasticity, water retention, soundness and sand carrying capacity: what a mortar needs Author(s): M.L. Thomson

Pages: 163 - 171

A relationship between hydraulicity and permeability of hydraulic lime Author(s): P.F.G. Banfill, A.M. Foster

Pages: 173 - 183

Portable probe gas permeametry in the testing of historic masonry and mortars Author(s): J. Valek, J.J. Hughes, P.J.M. Bartos

Pages: 185 - 196

Effects of ageing on lime putty Author(s): E.F. Hansen, A. Tagle, E. Erder, S. Baron, S. Connell, C. Rodriguez-Navarro, K. van Balen

Pages: 197 - 206

X-ray diffraction and enviromental electron microscopy of hydrated limes Author(s): G.C. Allen, K.R. Hallam, M. Radonjic, N.J. Elton, M. Farey, J. Ashurst

Pages: 207 - 215

Thermal strains in repointed masonry: preliminary investigations using ESPI Author(s): A.T. Vermeltfoort, C.J.W.P. Groot, E. Wijen

Pages: 217 - 226

Experimental study on the mechanical role of thick mortar joints in reproduced byzantine masonry Author(s): L. Binda, G. Baronio, C. Tedeschi

Pages: 227 - 247

Moisture transfer at interfaces of porous materials: measurements and simulations Author(s): W. Depraetere, J. Carmeliet, H. Hens

Pages: 249 - 259

Spalling of historic mortars: a numerical model Author(s): M. Drdácký, M.J. Válek, P.P. Procházka

Pages: 261 - 270

Part six: Properties, composition and specification of new mortars

Mortar analysis and repair specification in the conservation of Scottish historic buildings Author(s): A.B. Leslie, P. Gibbons

Pages: 273 - 280

Traditional craftmanship in modern mortars - Does it work in practice? Author(s): K. Fischer

Pages: 281 - 285

Lime based mortars for restoration of historical mortars especially under wall paintings Author(s): D. Michoinová

Pages: 287 - 295

Durability of lime-based mortars in a severe climate - Results from field and artificial ageing tests Author(s): A.M. Waldum, O. Anda

Pages: 297 - 306

Mechanical and physical behaviour of lime mortars reproduced after the characterisation of historic mortar Author(s): G. Baronio, L. Binda, A. Saisi

Pages: 307 - 325

Properties and durability of air lime-based mortars for limestone repairs on monuments Author(s): P. Bromblet

Pages: 327 - 337

A comparative study of hydraulic lime-based mortars Author(s): J.M. Teutonico, G. Ashall, E. Garrod, T. Yates

Pages: 339 - 349

The use of brick dust as pozzolanic addition to hydraulic lime mortars Author(s): D.C. Hughes, D.B. Sugden

Pages: 351 - 359

Contribution to pointing mortar durability Author(s): A.H.P. Maurenbrecher, G.T. Suter, K. Trischuk, L. Fontaine

Pages: 361 - 369

A new generation of cement-based renderings: an alternative to traditional lime-based mortars? Author(s): E. Marie-Victoire, P. Bromblet

Pages: 371 - 393

Methodology for the design of injection grouts for consolidation of ancient masonry Author(s): E.-E. Toumbakari, D. van Gemert, T.P. Tassios

Pages: 395 - 405

Dispersed hydrated lime: development and production, techniques and applications Author(s): R. Strotmann

Pages: 407 - 411

Part seven: Case studies

A mortar's study for the Cantaber's house of Conimbriga, Portugal Author(s): A. Cardoso

Pages: 415 - 423

A case study: mortar analysis at Pigeon Island National Landmark and Morne Fortune, St. Lucia, West Indies, interim report Author(s): S. Sass

Pages: 425 - 434

Study of the traditional method of lime slaking and lime products making in Beijing, China Author(s): C. Liu

Pages: 435 - 439

Part eight: Concluding summary

Historic mortars: characteristics and tests - Concluding summary and state-of-the-art Author(s): C.J.W.P. Groot, P.J.M. Bartos, J.J. Hughes

Pages: 443 - 454