Proceedings pro080 : 2nd International Workshop on Concrete Spalling due to Fire Exposure

Title: 2nd International Workshop on Concrete Spalling due to Fire Exposure Edited by E.A.B. Koenders and F. Dehn ISBN: 978-2-35158-118-6 e-ISBN: 978-2-35158-119-3 Pages: 453 Publication date: 2011

Controlling the sensitivity of concrete to its (explosive) spalling behaviour during fire exposure is one of today's major issues in the design and construction of concrete structures. Fires - such as the Channel tunnel fire - indicated that spalling of concrete can have serious structural and economical consequences and is a phenomenon that should be taken into account when designing for fire.

Developments in concrete mix design have lead to new types of concrete - such as high strength, ultra-high strength and self--compacting concrete - which, besides an increased structural performance, also have shown a different sensitivity to spalling due to fire exposure. However, until now the sensitivity of a concrete as a material and for structures to spalling is not fully understood. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind spalling in order to be able to quantify the risk of spalling.

This workshop focuses on spalling of concrete due to fire exposure and emphasizes real life experiences and observations, practical applications and developments in experimental testing, and numerical modelling. The aim of this workshop is to obtain an overview of the state of the art level of knowledge, to exchange results and to stimulate the discussion between researches and representatives from the industry.

Contents

Preface Author(s): E.A.B. Koenders and F. Dehn

Pages: XVII - XVII

Keynote lectures

Fire protection requirements and solutions for international tunnel projects Author(s): C. Schulte, A. Schaab

Pages: 3 - 17

Evolution of spalling with time and age Author(s): C. Lenglet

Pages: 19 - 24

Numerical simulation of concrete exposed to high temperature – Damage and explosive spalling Author(s): J. Ožbolt, J. Bošnjak, G. Periškić and C. Grosse

Pages: 25 - 32

The age effect on fire spalling of concrete Author(s): L. Boström, R. Jansson

Pages: 33 - 41

Impedance spectroscopy to characterise microsctructural changes in liquid and solid phases of mortars exposed to high temperature Author(s): I. Sánchez, M. Sánchez, M.A. Climent, and M.C. Alonso

Pages: 43 - 51

Macro-scale spalling model: a fracture mechanics versus pore pressure approach Author(s): B.B.G. Lottman, E.A.B. Koenders, J.C. Walraven

Pages: 53 - 65

Chapter 1 - Pore pressure

Monitoring of fire damage processes in concrete by pore pressure and acoustic emission measurements Author(s): F. Pereira, K. Pistol, M. Korzen, F. Weise, P. Pimienta, H. Carré, S. Huismann

Pages: 69 - 77

Study of vapor pressure of high performance concrete and self-compacting concrete slabs subjected to standard fire conditions Author(s): G. Ye, G. De Schutter and L. Taerwe

Pages: 79 - 86

Effect of the measurement technique on the amount of maximum pore pressures measured inside concrete subjected to high temperatures Author(s): R.B. Mugume, T. Horiguchi

Pages: 87 - 94

Gas transfers and flow process through concrete maintained in temperature Author(s): R. Haniche, G. Debicki, A. Bouamrane, E. Zeltz

Pages: 95 - 102

Experimental assessment of the contribution of synthetic fibers to the moisture release of concrete exposed to high temperatures Author(s): J.A. Capote, D. Alvear, O.V. Abreu and J. Crespo

Pages: 103 - 112

Influence of water content on gas pore pressure in concretes at high temperature Author(s): J-C. Mindeguia, P. Pimienta, I. Hager, H. Carré

Pages: 113 - 121

Chapter 2 - Mechanical properties

Punching shear tests on flat concrete slabs at high temperatures Author(s): E. Annerel, L. Lu and L. Taerwe

Pages: 125 - 131

Thermo-mechanical behavior of continuous sisal fiber cement based composite systems Author(s): João A. Melo Filho, Romildo D. Toledo Filho and Flávio de A. Silva

Pages: 133 - 140

An experimental investigation on the effect of impact and static loading of fiber reinforced refractory concrete exposed to high temperatures Author(s): Romildo D. Toledo Filho, Flávio de A. Silva, Guilherme Q. Romano and Luiz M. M. Tavares

Pages: 141 - 148

Influence of aggregate’s nature on their instability at elevated temperature Author(s): Z. Xing, R. Hébert, A.-L. Beaucour, B. Ledésert, A. Noumowé, Nancy Linder

Pages: 149 - 156

Spalling of HPC evaluated by acoustic emission and numerical analysis Author(s): C. Grosse, R. Richter, J. Ozbolt, F. Dehn, M. Juknat

Pages: 157 - 163

Mechanical characteristics of fiber reinforced self-compacting concretes exposed to elevated temperatures Author(s): K. K. Sideris, P. Manita and E. Tsanaktsidis

Pages: 165 - 172

Short term reduction of mechanical properties of high strength concrete after cooling to ambient temperature Author(s): N. Torić, M. Jelčić Rukavina, D. Bjegović and B. Peroš

Pages: 173 - 180

Moisture transport and dehydration in heated gypsum, an NMR study Author(s): G.H.A. van der Heijden, L. Pel and K. Kopinga

Pages: 181 - 188

An experimental method to investigate concrete spalling in temperature Author(s): G. Debicki, R. Haniche and F. Delhomme

Pages: 189 - 195

Explosive spalling and residual mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete subjected to high temperature Author(s): G.F. Peng, Y.R. Kang, X.P. Liu, Q. Chen and J. Zhao

Pages: 197 - 204

Fire in storehouse 6 in the free port of stockholm Author(s): R. Jansson and K. Ödeen

Pages: 205 - 210

Chapter 3 - Modelling

Simulation about effect on explosion spalling of thermal stress and vapor pressure Author(s): H. Nakamura, K. Yoshida, M. Kunieda, N. Ueda, Y. Yamamoto and M. Ozawa

Pages: 213 - 219

A finite element modeling of thermo-hydromechanical behavior and numerical simulations of progressing spalling front Author(s): M.T. Phan, F. Meftah, S. Rigobert, P. Autuori, C. Lenglet, S. Dalpont

Pages: 221 - 226

Explosive spalling of concrete materials under extreme environments Author(s): Kaspar Willam, Keun K. Lee, Yunping Xi, G. Xotta, and V. Salomoni

Pages: 227 - 236

Meso-mechanical modeling of thermal spalling in concrete using fracture-based zero-thickness interface elements Author(s): M. Rodríguez, C.M. López, I. Carol and K.J. Willam

Pages: 237 - 244

Chapter 4 - Protection methods / PP-fibres

Latest developments of structural fire protection for German road tunnels Author(s): J. Blosfeld and I. Kaundinya

Pages: 247 - 254

Experimental study on reinforced concrete segment using fireproof concrete for shield tunnel in highway or railway Author(s): T. Arai and K. Furuichi

Pages: 255 - 262

A study on the effects of fire-resistant coating materials on preventing the spalling of concrete and change of cement hydrates Author(s): Myongshin Song, Seungmin Kang and Hyunju Kang

Pages: 263 - 270

Effects of different fibre materials and quantities on high temperature strength and explosive spalling of UHPC concrete Author(s): M. Saravanja, W. Klingsch, S. Anders

Pages: 271 - 279

Permeability of high strength concrete with different fibers at high temperature Author(s): Mitsuo Ozawa, Dantas Rafael Lustoza, Hiroaki Morimoto and Takayuki Fumoto

Pages: 281 - 288

The mode of action of polypropylene fibres in high performance concrete at high temperatures Author(s): K. Pistol, F. Weise, B. Meng and U. Schneider

Pages: 289 - 296

The use of PP fibers in tunnel construction to avoid explosive concrete spalling in case of fire. New test results for the clarification of the mode of action Author(s): Ingo Knack

Pages: 297 - 307

Chapter 5 - Testing spalling / Testing methods / Special applications / Characterization

Fire tests of loaded beams Author(s): R. Jansson and L. Boström

Pages: 311 - 318

Explosive spalling behavior of restrained concrete in the event of fire Author(s): Toru Tanibe, Mitsuo Ozawa, Dantas Rafael Lustoza, Kouetsu Kikuchi, Hiroaki Morimoto

Pages: 319 - 326

Concrete spalling due to fire exposure and the influence of polypropylene fibres on microcracking Author(s): S. Huismann, M. Korzen, F. Weise and B. Meng

Pages: 327 - 336

Assessment of fire exposed concrete with full-field strain determination Author(s): J. Albrektsson, M. Flansbjer, J E. Lindqvist and R. Jansson

Pages: 337 - 344

Experimental analysis on changes of the porosity of ultrahigh performance concrete at elevated temperatures Author(s): E. Klingsch, A. Frangi

Pages: 345 - 352

Fire spalling of concrete, as studied by NMR Author(s): G.H.A. van der Heijden, L. Pel and O.C.G. Adan

Pages: 353 - 360

A simulation model for microstructure of portland cement paste at high temperature Author(s): Qi Zhang, G. Ye, E.A.B. Koenders

Pages: 361 - 368

A proposal for an experimental set-up to investigate fire-induced corner damage in r/c members Author(s): P. Bamonte, P.G. Gambarova, A. Maggioni and F. Lo Monte

Pages: 369 - 376

Influence of curing conditions on spalling behaviour of reactive powder concretes Author(s): I. Hager and T. Zdeb

Pages: 377 - 383

Mobile furnace for determining spalling sensitivity of existing concrete tunnel linings Author(s): M. Vermeer, B. Pieters and A. Breunese

Pages: 385 - 392

Avoiding spalling of precast HPC & UHPC elements by using a novel layered concept Author(s): M.C. Alonso, O. Rio, C. Rodríguez and V.D. Nguyen

Pages: 393 - 400

Deformation and thermal characteristics of concrete throughout the fire burning and decay phases Author(s): E.A. Jensen and M. Joshi

Pages: 401 - 410

Influence of cement type and aggregate shape on explosive concrete spalling Author(s): J. Kirnbauer and U. Schneider

Pages: 411 - 418

Reinforced concrete slabs strengthened with textile reinforced concrete subjected to fire Author(s): D. Ehlig and S. Hothan

Pages: 419 - 426

Swedish recommendations for preventing fire spalling in concrete structures for civil engineering purposes Author(s): J. Silfwerbrand

Pages: 427 - 433